While China's favorite color has overtones of auspiciousness and revolution, technology has given it new and more ephemeral, meanings.

Now that we find ourselves in a populist paradise where (for good or bad) anyone might easily find Andy Warhol's 15 minutes of fame - be it via footage of carnal acts in the romantic setting of a clothing store's fitting room or by bold and largely inadvisable political statements online - red, or 紅 (hóng), has become the most sought after color of them all. To become "web red", or 網(wǎng)紅 (wǎnghóng, online celebrity), is a dream many hold.

Red is undoubtedly China's favorite color, with connotations of auspiciousness, revolution, and now a large and diverse Internet celebrity community.

It took a long time for the character 紅 to rise to its current fame. On the left side, the "silk" radical, 纟, represents its meaning, as many once associated the color of red with dyed silk. The 工 (gōng) radical on the right indicates pronunciation. The modern dictionary may tell you 紅 is the color of blood, but in ancient times the character referred to the color pink - a color created by weaving red and white silk threads together.

The words representing red in ancient times were 赤 (chì) and 朱 (zhū) and are still in use. A poem famously depicted the gap between the rich and the poor,"朱門酒肉臭，路有凍死骨"(Zhū mén jiǔ ròu chòu, lù yǒu dòng sǐ gǔ. Inside the red doors flows the fragrance of wine and meat, while falling bodies of the starved dot the road.)

When red was mostly associated with revolution, to call someone "red" was a compliment to their great loyalty to the revolution. Today, "red tourism", or 紅色旅游 (hóng sè lǚ yóu), themed tours of the Party's historic sites, is still popular.

Traditionally, red is the color of wealth, celebration and good fortune. When we are describing something flourishing, prosperous or thriving, we use the word 紅火 (hóng huǒ). For instance, 生意紅火起來了 (shēng yì hóng huǒ qǐ lái le), or "business is booming". Bonus or dividend is 紅利 (hóng lì) while 分紅 (fēn hóng) means " to give bonuses or receive dividends". 紅包 (hóng bāo), or red envelopes stuffed with money, are often given in private as a gift, tip, bonus, or, sometimes, as a bribe.

In the term 紅白喜事 (hóng bái xǐ shì) or "red and white affairs", the red affair refers to weddings and the white refers to funerals. People want 開門紅 (kāi mén hóng) for the new year - literally "open door red", which means a smooth and successful year from the beginning. The "red luck", or 紅運 (hóng yùn), is the kind of good luck you want to get. If someone is lucky, you can say 走紅運 (zǒuhóng yùn). For example, 你真是走紅運，什么好事兒都讓你遇上了。(Nǐ zhēn shìzǒu hóng yùn, shénme hǎo shìr dōu ràng nǐ yù shàng le. You are so lucky; only good things seem to happen to you.) If you are a little bit jealous of such luck, the word to use is 眼紅 (yǎn hóng), literally meaning "red-eyed", the Chinese word for the green-eyed monster - just on the opposite side of the color spectrum.

走紅 (zǒu hóng) is short for 走紅運, which not only means to "have good luck", but also means "popular". For instance, 貓咪洗澡的視頻在網(wǎng)上很走紅。Māo mī xǐ zǎo de shìpín zài wǎng shàng hěn zǒu hóng. Videos of cats taking a bath are very popular online.) Or 他是目前最走紅的歌星。(Tā shì mù qián zuì zǒu hóng de gē xīng. He is the most popular singer right now.)

Popular people are naturally 紅人 (hóng rén), literally "red people". For example, 網(wǎng)絡紅人 (wǎng luò hóng rén, "Internet red people") or "online celebrity" - often shortened to 網(wǎng)紅 ("web red"). Red people can also mean those who are favored by power. For instance, 他是老板面前的紅人。(Tā shì lǎo bǎn miàn qián de hóng rén. He is the boss' favorite.)

For those who are extremely popular, you can describe them as 大紅大紫 (dà hóng dà zǐ, literally "super red and purple") or 紅得發(fā)紫 (hóng dé fā zǐ, literally "so red it starts to turn purple").

But remember an old saying, 花無百日紅 (Huā wú bǎi rì hóng , "a flower, though beautiful, cannot retain its beauty for a hundred days"). No fame lasts forever, and people love nothing more than a fall from grace. So, as you see all the auspicious red symbols of this new spring, perhaps spare a thought for the reds who don't fare so well.

Courtesy of The World of Chinese, www.theworldofchinese.com

The World of Chinese

(China Daily Africa Weekly 04/01/2016 page23)