五年來(lái)，我們主要做了以下工作：
The following are our main accomplishments over the past five years:
（一）加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。
我們注重把握宏觀調(diào)控的方向、重點(diǎn)和力度，牢牢掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的主動(dòng)權(quán)?！笆晃濉鼻捌冢槍?duì)投資增長(zhǎng)過(guò)快、貿(mào)易順差過(guò)大、流動(dòng)性過(guò)剩，以及結(jié)構(gòu)性、輸入性物價(jià)上漲等問(wèn)題，采取正確的政策措施，有效防止了苗頭性問(wèn)題演變成趨勢(shì)性問(wèn)題、局部性問(wèn)題演變成全局性問(wèn)題。近兩年，面對(duì)百年罕見(jiàn)的國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊，我們沉著應(yīng)對(duì)，科學(xué)決策，果斷實(shí)行積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策。堅(jiān)持實(shí)施一攬子計(jì)劃，大規(guī)模增加政府支出和實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅，大范圍實(shí)施重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整振興規(guī)劃，大力推進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)科技支撐，大幅度提高社會(huì)保障水平。堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需的戰(zhàn)略方針，采取鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)的一系列政策措施，增加城鄉(xiāng)居民特別是低收入群眾收入，消費(fèi)規(guī)模持續(xù)擴(kuò)大，結(jié)構(gòu)不斷升級(jí)。實(shí)施兩年新增４萬(wàn)億元的投資計(jì)劃，其中，新增中央投資1.18萬(wàn)億元。保障性安居工程、農(nóng)村民生工程和社會(huì)事業(yè)投資占43.7%，自主創(chuàng)新、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)建設(shè)占15.3%，重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)占23.6%，災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建占14.8%。政府投資引導(dǎo)帶動(dòng)社會(huì)投資，國(guó)內(nèi)需求大幅增加，有效彌補(bǔ)外需缺口，較短時(shí)間內(nèi)扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速下滑趨勢(shì)，在世界率先實(shí)現(xiàn)回升向好，既戰(zhàn)勝了特殊困難、有力地保障和改善了民生，又為長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
1. Strengthening and improving macro-control, and spurring steady and rapid economic development
We paid close attention to the orientation, focus and strength of macro-control and kept a firm grasp on the initiative in our economic work. In the early stages of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we adopted correct policies and measures to address overheated investment growth, the excessive trade surplus, excess liquidity, and structural and imported inflation; effectively prevented emerging problems from evolving into trends; and prevented problems in any one area from becoming general problems. In the last two years, we responded coolly to the impact of the global financial crisis - a crisis of a severity seldom seen in the last century, made decisions scientifically and resolutely followed a proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy.
We steadfastly implemented a multi-point plan, greatly increased government spending and made structural tax reductions, carried out the plan for restructuring and reinvigorating key industries on a large scale, vigorously promoted innovation and increased support for work in science and technology, and substantially increased social security benefits. We steadfastly followed a strategy of expanding domestic demand; adopted policies and measures to encourage consumer spending; and increased urban and rural incomes, particularly for low-income people. As a result, consumer spending grew steadily and its structure constantly improved. We carried out a two-year investment plan to increase spending by 4 trillion yuan, including 1.18 trillion yuan from the central government. Of this amount, 43.7% was invested in low-income housing projects, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs; 15.3% in innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions and ecological improvement; 23.6% in major infrastructure projects; and 14.8% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.
Government spending guided and drove nongovernmental investment, greatly increased domestic demand and effectively compensated for weak external demand. This helped to reverse the slowdown in economic growth in a relatively short time and make the Chinese economy the first in the world to pick up again. In this way, we not only got over the hard times and ensured and improved the wellbeing of the people, but also laid a firm foundation for long-term development.
（二）毫不放松地做好“三農(nóng)”工作，鞏固和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。
中央財(cái)政“三農(nóng)”投入累計(jì)近3萬(wàn)億元，年均增幅超過(guò)23%。徹底取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅和各種收費(fèi)，結(jié)束了農(nóng)民種田交稅的歷史，每年減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)超過(guò)1335億元。建立種糧農(nóng)民補(bǔ)貼制度和主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼資金去年達(dá)到1226億元。對(duì)重點(diǎn)糧食品種實(shí)行最低收購(gòu)價(jià)和臨時(shí)收儲(chǔ)政策，小麥、稻谷最低收購(gòu)價(jià)提高了25%到40%。嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地。著力推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)科技進(jìn)步。糧食產(chǎn)量屢創(chuàng)歷史新高，去年達(dá)到54641萬(wàn)噸，連續(xù)7年增產(chǎn)；農(nóng)民人均純收入達(dá)到5919元，實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)較快增長(zhǎng)。農(nóng)村綜合改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，集體林權(quán)制度改革、國(guó)有農(nóng)場(chǎng)管理體制改革全面推開(kāi)。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施加快建設(shè)，完成7356座大中型和重點(diǎn)小型水庫(kù)除險(xiǎn)加固，解決2.15億農(nóng)村人口飲水安全問(wèn)題，農(nóng)民的日子越過(guò)越好，農(nóng)村發(fā)展進(jìn)入一個(gè)新時(shí)代。
2. Striving to do our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the agricultural foundation
Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas, and farmers totaled nearly 3 trillion yuan and grew at an average annual rate of more than 23%. Agricultural tax and various government charges were totally abolished, thereby ending the history of farmers paying taxes on the crops they grow and easing their annual burden by more than 133.5 billion yuan. We set up a subsidy system for grain growers and a benefit subsidy system for major growing areas, and paid out 122.6 billion yuan in production subsidies to grain growers last year. Minimum purchase prices and temporary purchase and storage policies were put in place for key grain varieties, and the minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice were raised by between 25% and 40%.
We rigorously safeguarded arable land. We worked hard to make advances in agricultural science and technology. New record highs were set for grain production, which reached 5.4641 trillion tons last year, the seventh consecutive yearly increase. The per capita net income of farmers continued to grow rapidly and reached 5,919 yuan. We made steady progress with comprehensive reforms in the countryside and fully implemented the reform of tenure in collective forests and the system for managing state-owned farms. We accelerated agricultural and rural infrastructure development. We finished reinforcing 7,356 large and medium-sized reservoirs and key small reservoirs and ensured the safety of drinking water for 215 million rural residents. Farmers' lives constantly improved and rural development entered a new era.
（三）大力推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量和效益。
一是加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和自主創(chuàng)新。積極推進(jìn)企業(yè)技術(shù)改造和兼并重組，工業(yè)特別是裝備制造業(yè)總體水平和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力明顯提高。戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速成長(zhǎng)。加快建設(shè)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系，實(shí)施知識(shí)創(chuàng)新工程和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新工程，突破了一批產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展急需的前沿技術(shù)、核心技術(shù)和關(guān)鍵裝備技術(shù)，一大批科研成果實(shí)現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)業(yè)化。服務(wù)業(yè)快速發(fā)展，在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中占比提高2.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)明顯加快，五年建成鐵路新線(xiàn)1.6萬(wàn)公里，新增公路63.9萬(wàn)公里，其中高速公路3.3萬(wàn)公里，新建、改擴(kuò)建機(jī)場(chǎng)33個(gè)，新建和加固堤防1.7萬(wàn)公里。
二是扎實(shí)推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排、生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)。提出到2020年我國(guó)控制溫室氣體排放行動(dòng)目標(biāo)和政策措施，制定實(shí)施節(jié)能減排綜合性工作方案。大力發(fā)展清潔能源，新增發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量4.45億千瓦，其中水電9601萬(wàn)千瓦、核電384萬(wàn)千瓦。關(guān)停小火電機(jī)組7210萬(wàn)千瓦，淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、鋼鐵、水泥、焦炭產(chǎn)能。推進(jìn)林業(yè)重點(diǎn)生態(tài)工程建設(shè)，完成造林2529萬(wàn)公頃。綜合治理水土流失面積23萬(wàn)平方公里，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治、大氣污染防治和工業(yè)“三廢”治理。大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。五年累計(jì)，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降19.1%，化學(xué)需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分別下降12.45%、14.29%。
三是促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。落實(shí)區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略，頒布實(shí)施全國(guó)主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃，制定西部大開(kāi)發(fā)新十年指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)和一系列區(qū)域發(fā)展規(guī)劃，推出促進(jìn)西藏和四省藏區(qū)、新疆等民族地區(qū)跨越式發(fā)展的新舉措。中西部和東北地區(qū)發(fā)展加快，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速等主要指標(biāo)超過(guò)全國(guó)平均水平；東部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化，自主創(chuàng)新和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力逐步提高；地區(qū)間基本公共服務(wù)差距趨于縮小，各具特色的區(qū)域發(fā)展格局初步形成。
3. Strongly promoting economic restructuring and improving the quality and performance of economic growth
First, we accelerated industrial restructuring and innovation. We vigorously carried out technological upgrading in enterprises and enterprise mergers and reorganizations, which noticeably raised the overall level and competitiveness of Chinese industries, particularly equipment manufacturing. Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly. We accelerated the development of the national innovation system; carried out knowledge innovation projects and technology innovation projects; and made breakthroughs in urgently needed cutting-edge technologies, core technologies and key equipment technologies. A large number of research results have been applied in industrial production. The service industry developed quickly and the proportion it contributes to GDP rose by 2.5 percentage points. We greatly accelerated infrastructure development. We expanded the railway system by 16,000 km over the past five years and the road system by 639,000 km, including 33,000 km of expressways. We built, improved or expanded 33 airports and built or reinforced 17,000 km of dykes.
Second, we made genuine progress in energy conservation, emissions reduction, ecological improvement and environmental protection. We formulated policies, measures and national objectives for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and drew up a comprehensive work plan for conserving energy and reducing emissions. We vigorously developed clean energy. New power generating units with a capacity of 445 million kW were put on line, including hydropower plants with 96.01 million kW capacity and nuclear power plants with 3.84 million kW capacity. We decommissioned small thermal power plants with a capacity of 72.1 million kW and eliminated a number of outdated coal, steel, cement and coke production facilities. We made progress on key ecological forestry projects, and afforested a total of 25.29 million hectares. We applied a combination of approaches to control soil erosion on 230,000 km2 of land, and strengthened efforts to control water and air pollution in key watersheds, prevent and control air pollution and control industrial wastewater, waste gases and residues. We strongly promoted the development of the circular economy. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 19.1%, chemical oxygen demand by 12.45% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 14.29%.
Third, we worked to balance regional economic development. We implemented a master strategy for regional development, issued and implemented the national plan for development priority zones; formulated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans; and introduced new measures to stimulate development by leaps and bounds in Tibet, Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces, Xinjiang and other ethnic minority areas. Development accelerated in the central and western regions and northeast China, and their economic growth rates and other main economic indicators were higher than the national average. The economic structure of the eastern region constantly improved, and its innovativeness and competitiveness gradually increased. Discrepancies in levels of basic public services among regions were decreasing, and the development of each region was taking on unique characteristics.
（來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng) 編輯：崔旭燕）
