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調(diào)查:全球幸福感普遍增強(qiáng)
Happiness is rising around the world - study
[ 2008-07-02 09:49 ]

調(diào)查:全球幸福感普遍增強(qiáng)

People in most countries around the world are happier these days, according to new data released Monday by World Values Survey (WVS) based at University of Michigan (UM).

People in most countries around the world are happier these days, according to new data released Monday by World Values Survey (WVS) based at University of Michigan (UM).

Data from representative national surveys conducted from 1981 to 2007 show the happiness index rose in an overwhelming majority of nations studied, according to WVS.

The 2007 wave of the surveys provides a ranking of 97 nations containing 90 percent of the world's population. The results indicate that Denmark is the happiest nation in the world and Zimbabwe the unhappiest. The United States ranks 16th on the list, immediately after New Zealand.

During the past 26 years, WVS have asked more than 350,000 people how happy they are, using the same two questions.

"Taking all things together, would you say you are very happy, rather happy, not very happy, not at all happy?" And, "All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days?"

Combining responses to these two questions, researchers constructed an index of subjective well-being that reflects both happiness and general life satisfaction.

In the 52 countries for which a substantial time series is available (covering 17 years on average), this index rose in 40 countries and fell in only 12. The average percentage of people who said they were "very happy" increased by almost seven points.

"It's a surprising finding," said UM political scientist Ronald Inglehart, who leads the surveys. "It's widely believed that it's almost impossible to raise an entire country's happiness level."

 

 (Agencies)

美國(guó)密歇根大學(xué)“全球價(jià)值調(diào)查”(WVS)組于本周一發(fā)布的最新調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示,近年來(lái),全世界大部分國(guó)家人們的幸福感普遍增強(qiáng)。

“全球價(jià)值調(diào)查”稱,從1981年到2007年間所做的全國(guó)抽樣調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,絕大多數(shù)受調(diào)查國(guó)家的幸福指數(shù)都有所上升。

2007年的調(diào)查對(duì)占全球總?cè)丝?0%的97個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)行了一次大排名。結(jié)果顯示,丹麥?zhǔn)侨澜缱钚腋5膰?guó)家,津巴布韋則是最不幸福的國(guó)家。美國(guó)緊跟新西蘭之后,排在第16位。

在過(guò)去26年中,“全球價(jià)值調(diào)查”主要根據(jù)相同的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)超過(guò)35萬(wàn)人的幸福程度進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。

這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題是:“綜合考慮各種因素,你如何評(píng)價(jià)自己的幸福度?很幸福、較幸福、不是很幸福、還是一點(diǎn)也不幸福?”以及“綜合考慮各種因素,你如何評(píng)價(jià)自己在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的總體生活滿意度?”

研究人員結(jié)合受訪者對(duì)上述兩大問(wèn)題的回答,構(gòu)建出了一個(gè)反映幸福感和總體生活滿意度的主觀幸福指數(shù)。

在52 個(gè)有長(zhǎng)期相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)記錄的國(guó)家(平均17年)中,40個(gè)國(guó)家的幸福指數(shù)都有所上升,只有12個(gè)國(guó)家下降。而覺(jué)得自己“非常幸?!钡娜巳浩骄壤仙私?個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

該調(diào)查負(fù)責(zé)人、密歇根大學(xué)政治科學(xué)家羅納德?因格哈特說(shuō):“這是一個(gè)驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)。過(guò)去大家普遍認(rèn)為,要提高整個(gè)國(guó)家的幸福水平幾乎是不可能的?!?/font>

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